Decreased Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Sepsis Due to Intra-Abdominal Infection.
Philippart F, Bouroche G, Timsit JF, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Azoulay E, Darmon M, Adrie C, Allaouchiche B, Ara-Somohano C, Ruckly S, Dumenil AS, Souweine B, Goldgran-Toledano D, Bouadma L, Misset B; Outcomerea study group.
PLoS One. 2015 Sep 4;10(9):e0137262. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137262. eCollection 2015.
RATIONALE: Experimental studies suggest that intra-abdominal infection (IAI) induces biological alterations that may affect the risk of lung infection.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential effect of IAI at ICU admission on the subsequent occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
METHODS: We used data entered into the French prospective multicenter Outcomerea database in 1997-2011. Consecutive patients who had severe sepsis and/or septic shock at ICU admission and required mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days were included. Patients with acute pancreatitis were not included.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 2623 database patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 290 (11.1%) had IAI and 2333 (88.9%) had other infections. The IAI group had fewer patients with VAP (56 [19.3%] vs. 806 [34.5%], P<0.01) and longer time to VAP (5.0 vs.10.5 days; P<0.01). After adjustment on independent risk factors for VAP and previous antimicrobial use, IAI was associated with a decreased risk of VAP (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.83; P<0.0017). The pathogens responsible for VAP were not different between the groups with and without IAI (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 345 [42.8%] and 24 [42.8%]; Enterobacteriaceae, 264 [32.8%] and 19 [34.0%]; and Staphylococcus aureus, 215 [26.7%] and 17 [30.4%], respectively). Crude ICU mortality was not different between the groups with and without IAI (81 [27.9%] and 747 [32.0%], P = 0.16).
CONCLUSIONS: In our observational study of mechanically ventilated ICU patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock, VAP occurred less often and later in the group with IAIs compared to the group with infections at other sites.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov.